Per reports, the entire live battle took two hours and 20 minutes, start to finish. The Japanese came, dropped their bombs, and headed for Manila for a second attack, leaving behind 2,403 dead, another 1,178 wounded, 18 ships sunk or disabled and 77 aircraft destroyed.

At the University of Maryland at College Park, President H.C. Byrd advised men on campus to “go to your classes normally and do your routine work — but do it 10 times more seriously.”